Nikkei Asian Review
Vietnam's graft hunters zero in on Venezuela oil project
$584m 'contract bonus' to Caracas probed amid drive to clean
up state enterprises
Nikkei staff writers
HO CHI MINH CITY -- Vietnam's Ministry of Public Security is
investigating a loss-making oil and gas project in Venezuela, as Hanoi
probes corruption involving state enterprises and the South American
country falls deeper into chaos.
The Vietnamese authorities have asked state-run Vietnam Oil and Gas
Group, better known as PVN, to "provide all documents relating to the
implementation of the project" to tap and upgrade the Junin-2 oil field
in Venezuela's Orinoco Belt, an area thought to contain the world's
largest oil reserves.
PVN terminated the contract in December 2013, determining that little
progress had been made. But the ministry is looking into suspected legal
violations before the termination.
The $12 billion project was launched in June 2010, according to local
media. The project was managed by PetroMacareo, a joint venture between
PVN subsidiary PetroVietnam Exploration Production (PVEP) and Venezuelan
state-owned Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). The first phase was expected
to have daily output of 50,000 barrels, with 200,000 barrels coming in
the second phase, and Vietnam was counting on profits within seven
years.
The project was meant to build on historically friendly ties between
Hanoi and Caracas, which stretch back to the 1960s, when both were
fighting a common enemy, the U.S. The two countries established
diplomatic relations in 1989, and have pursued a number of joint
economic projects in the years since.
For the Junin-2 project, the Vietnamese
company was to invest around $1.2 billion between 2010 and 2015, making
it one of Vietnam's biggest oil and gas projects abroad. This, however,
did not include three "contract bonus" payments totaling $584 million
that the Vietnamese side apparently had to pay the Venezuelan government
to secure the investment license. This fee was not included or
explained in the project proposal originally sent to the government,
Vietnam's Finance Ministry found recently.
PVN never provided clear, complete documents on Junin-2, but mentioned
the project in its financial reports from 2010 to 2016.
Only in 2018, in its 2017 financial report, did it mention that total
capital provided to Venezuela came to 10.7 trillion dong ($462 million
at the current rate) as of December 2017. This included two "contract
bonus" transfers worth a total of $442 million.
PVN had moved to terminate the project after asking to delay the
transfer of another $142 million "contract bonus." PVN explained that
Venezuela's investment environment was not suitable, especially due to
the country's extremely high inflation rate and long-standing currency
control system that complicated payments to foreign companies.
The investigation was announced after it came to light last week that
PVN General Director Nguyen Vu Truong Son had filed a resignation
letter, which is pending approval by Vietnam's prime minister. Son,
whose career in the oil and gas industry dates back to 1987, had
previously held director positions at PVN units. The order for PVN to
provide documents related to the project came on Thursday.
In 2009, Son was appointed general director of PVEP by then-PVN Chairman
Dinh La Thang, who has been in prison since December 2017 over graft
allegations. PVEP is in charge of 13 overseas oil and gas projects,
including in Venezuela, Mexico, Peru and Malaysia. Only two are
profitable.
Son may take the blame for the possible capital loss from the Venezuelan
project and other costs, which investigators estimate amounted to $635
million as of 2017. "The latest move is a further step in the ongoing
anti-corruption campaign in Vietnam, which is related to Dinh La Thang
and the PVN giant," said Dang Tam Chanh, an expert on Vietnamese
politics.
PVN has been a main pillar of Vietnam's economic model over the past
four decades, attracting top talent, spurring development and helping to
fill the government's coffers. But recently the authorities have turned
a harsh light on alleged corruption at PVN and other state enterprises.
Increasingly, the companies are seen as barriers to innovation and open
markets.
Nguyen Phu Trong, the Communist Party's secretary-general, is leading
the anti-corruption campaign and showing a willingness to clean up state
enterprises, according to Chanh. He aims to enhance competitiveness and
use the country's resources more effectively, now that it has signed
several marketization trade pacts with more developed economies.
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